PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.